What is a Pap Smear (Pap Test)?
Frequency of Pap Smears:
Pap smear is a screening test performed to assess the health of the cervix in women. In this test, cells are collected from the surface of the cervix and examined under a microscope to identify any abnormal or cancerous cells. The primary goal of the Pap smear is to detect early changes in cells that are pre-cancerous or cancerous, which, if not diagnosed and treated promptly, can lead to cervical cancer. By identifying these cellular changes early, the test helps prevent their progression to more dangerous stages and significantly reduces the risk of death from cervical cancer.
Additionally, the Pap smear can identify cellular changes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which may lead to cancer in the future. For women who have had abnormal results in previous tests, regular screenings are essential to monitor and prevent the development of cancer through ongoing surveillance.
How is a Pap Smear Test Performed?
Preparation: This test is usually performed during a routine pelvic examination. The patient lies on their back on the examination table with their legs in stirrups.
Placing the Speculum: A device called a speculum is inserted into the vagina to gently open it. This allows the doctor or healthcare provider to see and access the cervix to collect cells.
Cell Collection: A small brush or spatula is used to gently scrape or brush cells from the cervix. This process is typically painless, although some women may experience slight discomfort or pressure.
Laboratory Analysis: The collected cells are sent to a laboratory, where they are examined under a microscope for any abnormalities. Results may indicate normal cells, abnormal cells, or cells that require further investigation.
